How Do Stimulants Work For Treating ADHD?

How Do Stimulants Work For Treating ADHD?

adhd medication evaluation psychologist toms river nj

How Do Stimulants Work For Treating ADHD?

 What Are Stimulants?

Stimulants are medications that produce a temporary increase in the functionality or efficiency of an organism. They work by increasing the availability of certain chemicals in the brain, thus making the pathways in the brain work more effective. Stimulants are the most common type of medicine used to treat ADHD.

How Do Stimulants Work?

Our brains are made up of nerve cells called neurons. These neurons are separated by tiny gaps called synapses. All functions of the brain and nervous system are based on communication among these neurons and across these synapses. The neurons relay information to each other by sending chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. What happens to individuals with ADHD is their neural network can’t relay messages in an adequate and timely manner.

Stimulants increase the release of certain brain chemicals such as dopamine. It also prolongs how long these chemicals will remain active which results in helping messages within the brain be transmitted more effectively.

What are Examples Of ADHD Medication?

The two main forms of ADHD stimulant medication are Methylphenidate and amphetamines. Methylphenidate includes brand name medications like Ritalin and Concerta. Amphetamines include name brand medicines like Vyvanse and Adderall.

Methylphenidate focuses on slowing down how much of the neurotransmitter is being reabsorbed back into the neuron so that more is left in the synapse.  Methylphenidate also seems to facilitate the direct release of neurotransmitter from within the neuron where it’s produced and stored, which sends more out into the synapse space. Amphetamines focus on increasing the release of dopamine and other brain chemicals.

The differences in the way these stimulants work may explain why some people with ADHD respond to one type of medication than another. However, as a whole, stimulants lessen ADHD symptoms in 70 percent to 80 percent of people who take them.

The Takeaway

Stimulants don’t cure ADHD. What they do is help to alleviate or reduce symptoms while the stimulant is active in your system. Although there does seem to be a high efficacy rate, as of right now it’s efficacy is not conclusive.

It still holds true that some of the best ways to improve basic cognitive processes likely do not involve medication. Behavioral treatment and parent training can be very powerful in strengthening these cognitive processes in your children. We here at PathwaysNeuroPsychology can help come up with a comprehensive plan to cater to your child’s specific needs.

Dr. Gordon is an experienced ADHD expert. He is devoted to helping you learn more about ADHD and find solutions for each individual’s needs. Please feel free to contact us for any concerns or questions regarding ADHD about yourself, or a loved one.

The Pathways team of professionals has helped thousands of people with ADHD. We are Dedicated to effective and compassionate care for individuals with neurological challenges.

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How Do Stimulants Work For Treating ADHD?

An In-Depth look at Biofeedback

An In-Depth look at Biofeedback

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An In-Depth look at Biofeedback 

What is Biofeedback?

Biofeedback is done to deal with anxiety, stress, ADHD, and a host of other issues.

Biofeedback is an appealing option for a lot of people because it’s noninvasive, and it can be a substitute for medication. It is a technique you can use to learn to control your body’s functions. 

A typical session lasts about 60 minutes. The length and number of sessions are determined by your condition and how quickly you learn to control your physical responses. This feedback helps you focus on making subtle changes in your body, such as relaxing certain muscles, to achieve the results you want, such as reducing pain.

Types of biofeedback methods

There are numerous methods for conducting biofeedback and depending on your health problems and goals we can understand the correct method of biofeedback. For instance,  a couple of methods are Brainwave, Breathing, and Heart Rate. The brainwave method uses scalp sensors to monitor your brain waves. During breathing biofeedback, bands are placed around your abdomen,chest or ear lobe to monitor your breathing pattern and respiration rate. Heart rate biofeedback uses a finger or earlobe sensors with a device or sensors placed on your chest, lower torso or wrists to measure your heart rate and heart rate variability.

The Takeaway

It is generally safe. Biofeedback might not be appropriate for everyone, though. Be sure to discuss it with your doctor first.

The feedback teaches you to change or control your body’s physiological reactions by changing your thoughts, emotions or behavior. In turn, this can help the condition for which you sought treatment.

For instance, biofeedback can pinpoint tense muscles that are causing headaches. You then learn how to invoke positive physical changes in your body, such as relaxing those specific muscles, to reduce your pain. The ultimate goal of biofeedback is to learn to use these techniques at home on your own.

Be aware that some products might be falsely marketed as biofeedback devices, and that not all biofeedback practitioners are reputable. Also, it is important to be aware that although biofeedback can be a substitute for medication it is important to create a comprehensive plan with your doctor in order to make the proper plan catered for you. That’s where we come in. Here at Pathways, we help you create a comprehensive plan to treat a host of issues ranging from ADHD to anxiety with a host of methods to cater to your specific needs.

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Source: Pathways Neuropsychology
An In-Depth look at Biofeedback

The Relationship Between Sugar and ADHD

The Relationship Between Sugar and ADHD

Relationship Between Sugar and ADHD

The Relationship Between Sugar and ADHD

How Does Sugar Impact ADHD?

A study2 conducted at Yale University indicates that high-sugar diets may increase inattention in some kids with ADHD.  However, the consensus thus far seems to demonstrate no correlation between refined sugar and increased hyperactivity in children with ADHD. An answer for the  Yale University study is that it suggests that some kids with ADHD are sensitive to copious amounts of sugar.

Alternatives To Sugar

If resorting to candy or sweets use white peppermints sweetened with sorbitol or sugar-free gum. Manage the candy your child is allowed to consume on a daily basis. Substitute sugary products with nuts, fresh veggies,  and colorful fruits with tasty dips.  Avoid fruit “drinks”, which are high in sugar.

Sugar by Any Other Name

The following ingredients are all code words for sugar. When grocery shopping and looking at an item that has an overwhelmingly long list of ingredients, you can use this to help understand what does and what doesn’t have some form of sugar in it.

  • corn sweetener
  • corn syrup
  • corn syrup solids
  • dehydrated cane juice
  • dextrin
  • dextrose
  • maltodextrin; malt syrup; maltose
  • molasses
  • rice syrup
  • saccharose
  • sorghum or sorghum syrup
  • sucrose

The Takeaway

You can conduct your own experiment at home to determine whether your child is sensitive to sugar intake.  For a week allow your child to consume sugar and monitor his behavior, and keep a written log. Then remove the sugar from his diet for a week. Then repeat so you have a month’s worth of data to compare the results.

Bottom line is, sugar is not healthy regardless of the effects on behavior. From cavities to suppressing the immune system, to taking the place of healthy foods, to increasing the risk of diabetes, to obesity, it’s well known that too much sugar can cause a host of problems.

Dr. Gordon is an experienced ADHD expert. He is devoted to helping you learn more about ADHD and find solutions for each individual’s needs. Please feel free to contact us for any concerns or questions regarding ADHD about yourself, or a loved one.

The Pathways team of professionals has helped thousands of people with ADHD. We are Dedicated to effective and compassionate care for individuals with neurological challenges.

The post The Relationship Between Sugar and ADHD appeared first on Pathways Neuropsychology Associates.


Source: Pathways Neuropsychology
The Relationship Between Sugar and ADHD

What is Chronic Pain and how can you combat it?

What is Chronic Pain and how can you combat it?

What is Chronic Pain and how can you combat it?

What is Chronic Pain and how can you combat it?

Pain involves nerve endings in the body and nerve pathways from the brain to the body.  Pain becomes chronic when it lasts for over 6 months. Our thoughts, personalities,  social environment and learned behaviors can all contribute to how severe the pain is experienced. 

What are methods to Combat Chronic Pain?

1. Deep Breathing, Meditation, & Biofeedback

Meditation techniques can help relax your body. This may help ease pain since the tension and tightness from themuscles can receive a quiet message to relax from meditation. The key in meditation is focusing on the breath, observing thoughts, and possibly repeating a word or phrase which can help the body relax.

Another relaxation technique similar to meditation is deep breathing.  Find a quiet location and a comfortable body position. Then, imagine a spot just below your navel. Breathe into that spot, filling your abdomen with air. Let the air fill you from the abdomen up, then let it out in a cycle you create. 

There are many, many different relaxation and meditation techniques.  During biofeedback you can see the body relax and learn the best strategy for you!

2. Reduce stress in your life

Negative feelings like depression, anxiety, stress, and anger can increase the body’s sensitivity to pain. By learning to better manage stress, you may find some relief from chronic pain.

There are many techniques that can help reduce stress and promote relaxation. A therapist can review these strategies and help you determine what helps you reduce stress the most.  Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a proven intervention to teach an individual to better manage their stress and their pain.

3. Exercise

Exercising causes the release of brain chemicals called Endorphins that help improve your mood while also blocking pain signals. Exercise also strengthens muscles, which helps prevent re-injury and further pain. Plus, exercise can help keep your weight down, reduce heart disease risk, and control blood sugar levels.

The Takeaway

It is important to realize that pain isn’t necessarily something over which we have no control. We are able to combat pain in numerous ways mentioned such as meditation, changing our negative attitudes and thoughts, reducing stress, and exercising.  At Pathways Neuropsychology are here to help you learn the techniques that work best for you!

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Source: Pathways Neuropsychology
What is Chronic Pain and how can you combat it?

How Cognitive Behavior Therapy May Help Suicidal People

How Cognitive Behavior Therapy May Help Suicidal People

COGMED - Cognitive Behavior Therapy

How Cognitive Behavior Therapy May Help Suicidal People


Excerpt from New York Times. read the full story here

In Cognitive Behavior Therapy (C.B.T.), clear steps are intended to help build hope, solve problems and make a plan to avoid relapses.

After a week of devastating news about suicide, there has been much discussion of the need for people who may be thinking of ending their lives to reach out for help. But some people who are suffering may be skeptical that therapy could make a difference.

Research has demonstrated the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy, or C.B.T., in treating suicidal individuals and decreasing subsequent attempts. A 2016 review of 15 randomized controlled trialsfound that C.B.T. “is a useful strategy in the prevention of suicidal cognitions and suicidal behaviors.”

Throughout my career I have used this method to treat patients with many different types of problems and diagnoses, including suicidal behavior — which may occur along with problems like depression, addictions, schizophrenia and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Medications can be very effective in treating certain diagnoses, but those medications may take some time to take effect. Therefore the suicidality must be addressed before the medications will be helpful. Sometimes individuals will need to be hospitalized in order to keep them safe until C.B.T. or medications can help. But inpatient treatment is not necessary for everyone who has suicidal thoughts.

Excerpt from New York Times. read the full story here

The Pathways team of professionals has helped thousands of people with brain injuries. We are Dedicated to effective and compassionate care for individuals with neurological challenges.

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Source: Pathways Neuropsychology
How Cognitive Behavior Therapy May Help Suicidal People

How Can Birds help with Dyslexia Research?

How Can Birds help with Dyslexia Research?

How Can Birds help with Dyslexia Research

How Can Birds help with Dyslexia Research?

Currently, there is a study being conducted through the University of Virginia’s Brain Institute to develop a model for dyslexia and other language disorders through birds. Specifically, the Zebra Finch.  Unlike some other animals, Zebra Finches learn how to communicate through song from their parents. In the same manner, these Finches are similar to infants, as their auditory system is shaped by exposure to adult speech. 

What is The Study Trying To Accomplish?

Dyslexia, a disorder which affects millions of children, is often characterized by a difficulty with reading. The goal of the study is to be able to observe how changing the birds genes can alter how the finches brain processes sound.  There are several genes that have been implicated in the development of dyslexia and other speech disorders. Changes in one of the genes called KIAA0319 has been associated with an increase in the likelihood of developing dyslexia.

Coming to an understanding of how these changes affect the Finch, we can start coming to conclusions on how we as human being process sound. Also, we can further our understanding of how people develop dyslexia. 

The Bottom Line

This new research is exciting because it can help further understanding of how someone may get Dyslexia.  A study like this can also try and apply its model in a therapeutic setting. However, the research is still being conducted. Although an exciting and promising study, we do not know how different genes in proteins associated with dyslexia-related disorders will manifest in these birds. 

The Pathways team of professionals has helped thousands of people with Dyslexia. We are Dedicated to effective and compassionate care for individuals with neurological challenges.

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Source: Pathways Neuropsychology
How Can Birds help with Dyslexia Research?

ADHD Connection to Other Mental Health Conditions?

ADHD Connection to Other Mental Health Conditions?

ADHD Connection to Other Mental Health Conditions

ADHD Connection to Other Mental Health Conditions?

It is common for children with ADHD to have difficulties in managing their emotions and organizing themselves. For example, they tend to get into a trouble at school and elsewhere because of their inability to inhibit behavior or think through their actions before reacting.

Current science appears to indicate that the psychological wiring of the brain of an individual with ADHD is different from that of an unaffected individual. For instance, imbalances in the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain are commonly seen in patients with ADHD.

Large-scale trials with samples from diverse geographical populations are being conducted in order to come to the proper conclusion on the patterns of ADHD, its prognosis, and its association with other concurrent mental health conditions.

ADHD Linked to Other Conditions

Currently, data suggests that more than 60% of children with ADHD are reported to have one or more co-existing mental health conditions. This diagnosis is determined through a comprehensive evaluation of all the symptoms, medical history, and various psychometric tests in order to help the psychiatrist reach a conclusive diagnosis of ADHD and any other connected conditions.

There is a general understanding of the common conditions that coincide with ADHD. These conditions fall under mood disorders, conduct issues, and learning problems. Mood disorders include depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder. Conduct issues include Conduct disorder which is considered to be extreme and unreasonable aggression. The other related conduct issue is Tourettes. Learning problems include dysgraphia which is difficulty in writing, dyslexia difficulty in reading due to a weakness with phonological processing, and dyscalculia which is difficulty with processing numbers.

The Bottom Line

It is important to understand how ADHD is linked to other conditions and to be on top of your children’s ADHD treatment. This is not to say that ADHD causes other conditions, but there does seem to be a correlation. There is nothing harmful in being cautious in something like this. Luckily, that’s where we come in. Here at Pathways, we can make the process easier for you. We specialize in helping diagnose, treat, and create a comprehensive plan to help deal with ADHD and other related issues. 

Dr. Gordon is an experienced ADHD expert. He is devoted to helping you learn more about ADHD and find solutions for each individual’s needs. Please feel free to contact us for any concerns or questions regarding ADHD about yourself, or a loved one.

The Pathways team of professionals has helped thousands of people with ADHD. We are Dedicated to effective and compassionate care for individuals with neurological challenges.

The post ADHD Connection to Other Mental Health Conditions? appeared first on Pathways Neuropsychology Associates.


Source: Pathways Neuropsychology
ADHD Connection to Other Mental Health Conditions?

How Biofeedback Can Help Treat ADHD

How Biofeedback Can Help Treat ADHD

biofeedback - Psychologists | Toms River, Manahawkin, Freehold, NJ

How Biofeedback Can Help Treat ADHD

What is Biofeedback?

Biofeedback is a treatment that helps patients learn to control bodily processes such as muscle tension, blood pressure, or heart rate. It has been used to treat problems like high blood pressure, muscle tension and anxiety.

The way a Biofeedback session works is the therapist attaches electrodes to the patient’s skin, and these send information to a monitoring box. The therapist views the measurements on the monitor, and, through trial and error, identifies a range of mental activities and relaxation techniques that can help regulate the patient’s bodily processes.

How can it be used to treat ADHD?

When used for ADHD, a device reads a child’s brain wave activity and sends feedback via a game-like challenge. Some claim this process can train the brain to behave differently and reduce ADHD symptoms.  Neurofeedback is a form of biofeedback that is mainly used to help treat children who have ADHD.

Biofeedback is also an excellent tool for helping individuals manage their stress and anxiety.  The challenges that often accompany ADHD can often bring increased stress to both the individual with ADHD and their family.  With biofeedback the individual can actually ‘see’ their level of stress or arousal and using the expert guidance of the therapist learn the most effective strategy to lower this stress/arousal in the body.

Here at Pathways we specialize in helping diagnose, treat, and create a comprehensive plan to help deal with ADHD and other related issues. Join our mailing list and you will receive free mp3’s with relaxation strategies so you can start practicing your stress management and incorporate relaxation training into your life now!

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Dr. Gordon is an experienced ADHD expert. He is devoted to helping you learn more about ADHD and find solutions for each individual’s needs. Please feel free to contact us for any concerns or questions regarding ADHD about yourself, or a loved one.

The Pathways team of professionals has helped thousands of people with ADHD. We are Dedicated to effective and compassionate care for individuals with neurological challenges.

The post How Biofeedback Can Help Treat ADHD appeared first on Pathways Neuropsychology Associates.


Source: Pathways Neuropsychology
How Biofeedback Can Help Treat ADHD

What is Frontotemporal Dementia?

What is Frontotemporal Dementia?

Dementia Symtoms & treatments

What is Frontotemporal Dementia?

It is important to start out by explaining that Dementia is an umbrella term to define loss of memory and other mental abilities that interfere with daily life caused by physical changes in the brain. So Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s for instance are both examples of possible causes of dementia.

Today we will be looking at a specific form of dementia called Frontotemporal Dementia.

It is caused by nerve cell damage which leads to loss of function in brain regions. This can cause deterioration in behavior and personality, language disturbances, or alterations in muscle or motor functions.

There are no known risk factors for any Frontotemporal degenerations except for a family history or a similar disorder.

What Are Its Symptoms?

Typical symptoms include changes in personality and behavior and difficulty with language.  Behavior changes are usually the first noticeable symptom. Nerve cells in the front and side regions of the brain are especially affected.

Typically these individuals will show muscle weakness and coordination problems, leaving them wheelchair or bedbound. These muscle issues can cause problems swallowing, chewing, moving and controlling bladder and/or bowels. Often, people with frontotemporal degenerations die because of the physical changes that can cause skin, urinary tract and/or lung infections.

What Are Its Treatments?

 It is important to note that the onset of Frontotemporal Dementia is earlier than the many other forms of dementia. It is usually diagnosed when the individual is in their 40s to early 60s. 

Unfortunately, like many forms of dementia, there is no specific treatment. However, there are medications that can reduce agitation and depression.

The Takeaway

Frontotemporal dementia gets progressively worse over time. Early diagnosis may aid in formulating the most effective treatment plan and slow worsening symptoms. Significant improvements can be made in one’s life with the proper evaluation and treatment. Intervention for families caring for those afflicted is also available at PNA. Our aim is to help improve you and your loved ones mental efficiency and feeling of well-being for a happier, healthier, and more productive life.

The Pathways team of professionals has helped thousands of people with Dementia. We are Dedicated to effective and compassionate care for individuals with neurological challenges.

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Source: Pathways Neuropsychology
What is Frontotemporal Dementia?

What is Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) And How Can it Help Treat ADHD?

What is Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) And How Can it Help Treat ADHD?

psychologist toms river nj, Mindfulness Meditation

What is Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) And How Can it Help Treat ADHD?

The term “dialectical” means the use of acting through opposing forces. The primary dialectic within DBT is between the seemingly opposite strategies of acceptance and change. DBT is a cognitive behavioral treatment developed by Marsha Linehan, Ph.D., that emphasizes individual psychotherapy and group skills training to help people learn and use new skills and strategies to develop their life. Skills include mindfulness, emotional regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness.

What Are The Components of DBT?

1 – Enhance Capabilities with Skills Training

DBT skills training focuses on enhancing clients’ capabilities by teaching them behavioral skills. Skills training is frequently taught in a class where the group leaders teach the skills and assign homework. The four modules in skills training are:

  • Mindfulness: being fully aware and present in the one moment
  • Distress Tolerance: tolerating pain in difficult situations 
  • Interpersonal Effectiveness: how to be assertive while maintaining self-respect
  • Emotion Regulation: changing emotions

2 – Enhance Motivation with Individual Therapy
DBT individual therapy is focused on trying to encourage client motivation in order to help clients apply skills in their lives.

3 – Structure the Environment with Case Management
Case management strategies help the client manage his or her own life, such as their physical and social environments. The therapist applies the same dialectical, validation, and problem-solving strategies in order to teach the client to be his or her own case manager. This lets the therapist consult with the patient about what to do, and the therapist will only intervene on the client’s behalf when absolutely necessary.

How Can It Help With ADHD?

DBT was used to treat other mental conditions before it was adapted to treat adult ADHD. Some clinical trials have found DBT to be effective in reducing self-injurious behavior and in reducing anger and improving social adjustment.

The Takeaway

DBT appears very promising but it is important to note that it is a fairly recent creation dating back to only just 2016. There is a lot more research that needs to be conducted on its efficacy, but right now it is demonstrating some good signs that it is successful in helping treat emotional problems as well as ADHD.

Dr. Gordon is an experienced ADHD expert. He is devoted to helping you learn more about ADHD and find solutions for each individual’s needs. Please feel free to contact us for any concerns or questions regarding ADHD about yourself, or a loved one.

The Pathways team of professionals has helped thousands of people with ADHD. We are Dedicated to effective and compassionate care for individuals with neurological challenges.

The post What is Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) And How Can it Help Treat ADHD? appeared first on Pathways Neuropsychology Associates.


Source: Pathways Neuropsychology
What is Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) And How Can it Help Treat ADHD?